0000034884 00000 n Cobalt from radiotherapy machines has been a serious hazard when not discarded properly, and one of the worst radiation contamination accidents in North America occurred in 1984, when a discarded radiotherapy unit containing cobalt-60 was mistakenly disassembled in a junkyard in Juarez, Mexico. The residues are further leached with sulfuric acid, yielding a solution of copper sulfate. Georg Brandt first showed cobalt to be a new metal in: G. Brandt (1735) "Dissertatio de semimetallis" (Dissertation on semi-metals), Donaldson, John D. and Beyersmann, Detmar (2005) "Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds" in, Central African Mining and Exploration Company, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "Electric car future spurs Cobalt rush: Swelling demand for product breathes new life into small Ontario town", "Cobalt oxide surface chemistry: The interaction of CoO(100), Co3O4(110) and Co3O4(111) with oxygen and water", "Zur Kenntnis des asymmetrischen Kobaltatoms. Cobalt has been used in the production of high-performance alloys. [46][47], Cobalt is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. 0000034814 00000 n COBALT CYANIDE. Typically both oxygen atoms bind to the metal to form a six-membered chelate ring. Request PDF | Electron-Transfer Oxidation of Coenzyme B 12 Model Compounds and Facile Cleavage of the Cobalt(IV)−Carbon Bond via Charge-Transfer Complexes with Bases. Another non-corrin cobalt enzyme is nitrile hydratase, an enzyme in bacteria that metabolizes nitriles. After oversupply, Glencore closed Mutanda for two years in late 2019. Vom Bürger Thenard", "Ciudad Juarez orphaned source dispersal, 1983", "Field portable XRF analysis of environmental samples", Australian Academy of Science > Deceased Fellows > Hedley Ralph Marston 1900–1965, "Cobalt : its use to control wasting disease", "Nickel, chromium and cobalt in consumer products: revisiting safe levels in the new millennium", "Role of cobalt, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, platinum, selenium, and titanium in carcinogenesis", Centers for Disease and Prevention – Cobalt, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cobalt&oldid=1009446384, Biology and pharmacology of chemical elements, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, It is also used as a base primer coat for, This page was last edited on 28 February 2021, at 17:08. A minimal presence of cobalt in soils therefore markedly improves the health of grazing animals, and an uptake of 0.20 mg/kg a day is recommended because they have no other source of vitamin B12. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) MFCD00010938. Comprehensive information for the element Cobalt - Co is provided by this page including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides and … 0000011626 00000 n 0000008186 00000 n tin(IV) Sn4+ nickel(IV) Ni4+ lead(IV) Pb4+ Roman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. [93], Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) is widely used in lithium-ion battery cathodes. [85] The companies in question denied their involvement in child labour. 0000003042 00000 n 0000034701 00000 n [61][62] The temperature stability of these alloys makes them suitable for turbine blades for gas turbines and aircraft jet engines, although nickel-based single-crystal alloys surpass them in performance. Sodium (Na). Cobalt has a relative permeability two-thirds that of iron. Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC): Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 0.23 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42): Boiling Pt (deg C): 482.98 (Adapted Stein & Brown method) Melting Pt (deg C): 188.60 (Mean or Weighted MP) VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 4.24E-009 (Modified Grain … 0000001496 00000 n 8H2O) and spherocobaltite (CoCO3). Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Cobaltic hydroxide. 0000011389 00000 n [65] The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) currently produces 63% of the world's cobalt. 293 0 obj <> endobj xref 293 47 0000000016 00000 n [112][113] In September 2020, Tesla outlined their plans to make their own, cobalt-free battery cells. cobalt(II) oxide, CoO. [94], Before the 19th century, cobalt was predominantly used as a pigment. Cobalt is also a catalyst in the Fischer–Tropsch process for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide into liquid fuels. h�bbbd`b``Ń3� ���� � &� endstream endobj 294 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 295 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 1/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 296 0 obj <> endobj 297 0 obj <> endobj 298 0 obj <> endobj 299 0 obj <> endobj 300 0 obj <>stream Cobaltchloride. H��WMo�@��W�Teٙ���H IZ�$jW=4=� %�` ���;6!f6�y���yJZ�o$�&����u>�p:J���y�������6$O�2�;p��S 4ZH@��"���W�y����9I�A�w���5P:����{�>Hwä�Y�qvɘ���,/B���4������,.Z�u����,!~�X��ҴXH&8��i/,8�E��a������q�;)�Sh����tk j �H!���/�#�9?���q�hg��(�@�@Y����p�K�Mh~O?�@� 0000043430 00000 n [106][107] As a reaction to the issues with artisanal cobalt mining in DR Congo a number of cobalt suppliers and their customers have formed the Fair Cobalt Alliance (FCA) which aims to end the use of child labor and to improve the working conditions of cobalt mining and processing in the DR Congo. They are also used in paints, varnishes, and inks as "drying agents" through the oxidation of drying oils. SCHEMBL657629. 0000012069 00000 n Density functional theory calculations suggest a low-spin d5, S = 1/2, electronic configuration of the central cobalt ion in 2 and, thus, are in line with the formulation of complex 2 as a genuine, low-spin Co(IV) nitride species. [70][75] This revelation prompted cell phone maker Apple Inc., on March 3, 2017, to stop buying ore from suppliers such as Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt who source from artisanal mines in the DRC, and begin using only suppliers that are verified to meet its workplace standards. [70] Some 100,000 cobalt miners in Congo DRC use hand tools to dig hundreds of feet, with little planning and fewer safety measures, say workers and government and NGO officials, as well as The Washington Post reporters' observations on visits to isolated mines. Here is the full list of metals in group one (+1 charge): Lithium (Li). [82][83], The 2002 mining code was effectively updated on December 4, 2018. [99] Cobalt for electric vehicles increased 81% from the first half of 2018 to 7,200 tonnes in the first half of 2019, for a battery capacity of 46.3 GWh. [133][134] Bacteria in the stomachs of ruminant animals convert cobalt salts into vitamin B12, a compound which can only be produced by bacteria or archaea.
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